Hydroxyapatite Polarization

Polarization is a physical process: it is possible to store small electrostatic charges in Hydroxyapatite by means of electrical polarization using a constant voltage applied at a relatively high temperature.

The process can be applied both to hydroxyapatite blocks and HA coated medical devices with complex geometry.

Charged stored in hydroxyapatite are retained over time, both during shelf life and after implantation

Charges have been shown to promote bone remodelling. Newly formed 0.01–0.02mm thick bone layers are in direct contact with the surfaces loaded with negative charges only 7 days after implantation with no fibrotic inclusion. The bone layers are accompanied by mono-layered osteoblastic cells on the bone surfaces, and maturing osseous cells inside the bones. The extensive osteoconduction is attributed to the cooperative reaction of the surface bioactivity of Hap, as well as the small  electrostatic surface charge induced by the electrical polarization.